The Bio-technology industry originated in the 1970s,based largely on a new recombinant DNA technique
whose details were published in 1973 by Stanley
Cohen of Stanford-University and HerbertBoyer of the
University of California, San.Francisco. Recombinant
DNA is a method of making proteins- such as human
insulin and other therapies- in cultured cells under
controlled manufacturing conditions. Boyer went on
to co-founded Genentech, which today is bio-technology’slargest company by market capitals.
Bio -technology has created more than 200 new therapies and vaccines, including products to treat cancer,diabetes, HIV/AIDS and autoimmune dis orders. There is more than 400biotech drug product and vaccine currently in clinical trials targeting more than 200diseases, including various cancers, Alzheimer’s-disease, heart-disease, diabetes, multiple-sclerosis,AIDS and arthritis.
Bio- technology are responsible for 100s of medical diagnostics test's that keep the blood supply safe
from the AIDS virus and detect other conditions early enough to be success-fully treated. Home pregnancy
tests are also bio -technology diagnostic product.
The consumers are enjoying bio- technology foods such as papaya, soybeans and corn. Bio-pesticides and other agri-cultural products are being used to improve our food supply and to reduces our dependence on
conventional chemical pesticides. Environmental bio- technology product makes it possible to cleans up hazardou wastes more efficiently by harnessing pollution eating microbes without the using of caustic chemicals.
These Industrial-bio - technology application had led to cleaner process that produces very less wastes and use less energy and water in such industrial sectors such as chemicals, pulp and papers, textiles, foods, energies, and metals and minerals. For example most laundry detergent produces in the US contains bio -technology -based enzymes.
conventional chemical pesticides. Environmental bio- technology product makes it possible to cleans up hazardou wastes more efficiently by harnessing pollution eating microbes without the using of caustic chemicals.
These Industrial-bio - technology application had led to cleaner process that produces very less wastes and use less energy and water in such industrial sectors such as chemicals, pulp and papers, textiles, foods, energies, and metals and minerals. For example most laundry detergent produces in the US contains bio -technology -based enzymes.
DNA fingerprinting, a biotech process, has dramatically improves criminal investigations and forensic
medicines, as well as afforded significant advance in anthropology and wild-life management. The bio- tech industry is regulated by the United States. (FDA),Food and Drug Administration , the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA).
As of 2005. Dec. 31, there were 1,415 bio- technology companies in the U.S, of which 329 were
publicly held. Market capitalizations, the total value of publicly trades bio tech companies U.S, at market prices, was $410bn as of Dec. 31, 2005.
The biotechnology industry has mushromed since 1992, with US. health care bio -tech revenues increasing
from $8bn in 1992 to $50.7 bn in the year 2005. Bio- technology is one of the most research -intensive
industries in the world. The U.S. biotech industry spent $19.8bn on research and development in year 2005.
n The top five bio tech companies invested an average of $130000, per employee in R & D in the year 2005.and In 1982, recombinant human insulin became the first bio-tech therapy to earn FDA approval. The product was developed by Genentech and Eli Lilly and Co.
medicines, as well as afforded significant advance in anthropology and wild-life management. The bio- tech industry is regulated by the United States. (FDA),Food and Drug Administration , the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Agriculture (USDA).
As of 2005. Dec. 31, there were 1,415 bio- technology companies in the U.S, of which 329 were
publicly held. Market capitalizations, the total value of publicly trades bio tech companies U.S, at market prices, was $410bn as of Dec. 31, 2005.
The biotechnology industry has mushromed since 1992, with US. health care bio -tech revenues increasing
from $8bn in 1992 to $50.7 bn in the year 2005. Bio- technology is one of the most research -intensive
industries in the world. The U.S. biotech industry spent $19.8bn on research and development in year 2005.
n The top five bio tech companies invested an average of $130000, per employee in R & D in the year 2005.and In 1982, recombinant human insulin became the first bio-tech therapy to earn FDA approval. The product was developed by Genentech and Eli Lilly and Co.
Corporate partnering has been critical to bio tech success. In 2005, bio tech companies signed 564 new
agreement with pharmaceutical firms and 354 with fellow bio techs, according to BioWorld.
Most bio technology companies are young companies developing their first products and depend on investor
capital for survival. Bio technology attracted more than $20bn in financing in the year 2005 and has raised more than $00bn since 2000.
The Bio - technology Industry Organization (BIO) was founded in 1993 to represent bio -technology companies at the local, state, federal and international levels. As of December 2006, BIOs membership consisted of more than 1100 bio technology companies, academic centers, state and local associations and
related enterprises.
The bio-sciences - including not just biotechnology but all life sciences activities - employed 1.2mn
people in the US in 2004 and generated an additional 5.8mn related jobs. The average annual wage of U.S. bio -science workers was $65775 at 2004, more than $26000 greater than the average private sector annual wage. Bio ethanol made from crop wastes using bio tech enzymes - could meet a quarter of US energy needs
by 2025.
related enterprises.
The bio-sciences - including not just biotechnology but all life sciences activities - employed 1.2mn
people in the US in 2004 and generated an additional 5.8mn related jobs. The average annual wage of U.S. bio -science workers was $65775 at 2004, more than $26000 greater than the average private sector annual wage. Bio ethanol made from crop wastes using bio tech enzymes - could meet a quarter of US energy needs
by 2025.